something broke

 

 too much weather engineering, I think



 


GET SUN! Vitamin D Expert: The Fastest Way To Dementia & The Dangerous Lie You've...

Frances Leader and Brett Hawes

 


Who Really Rules The World? by Brett Hawes

Frances Leader joins me to discuss the Black Nobility’s grip on finance, war, and health.

Read on Substack

"Makers" and "Takers"

worse?

 

The Epstein Cover-Up isn’t what you think… it’s worse. by Rick Wilson

A recording from Rick Wilson's live video

Read on Substack

What was the total human population in 2000 BC?

 

We only have data about the total human population for the 2–3 last centuries. Further back we only get estimates. These vary a bit but they do give us an idea and it seems that there were some tens of millions of humans around the world back in 2000 BC. Take a look on the estimates:

Two of them agree that the world population was 27M but HYDE is a more recent, and I suppose using more improved methodology, giving 72M. While we don’t get a number for PRB in this picture it’s obvious that it gives 100M since it gives this number both for 3000 BC and 1000 BC. Maddison starts giving estimates from 1 AD onwards but its numbers are higher than Gapminder and McEvedy-Jones so it’s safe to assume Gapminder and McEvedy-Jones give quite low estimates more recent estimates give higher. Thus, I’d say the world population from 2000 BC should be in the high tens of millions, like 80–90 million people, closer to 100M rather than the low tens.

Hanging Gardens of ?

 




This is BAD

Sacrifice? Extraordinary 'sacrificial ass' with severed head discovered from Bronze Age Israel — and it was from a faraway land

The decapitated "sacrificial ass" found under a Bronze Age abode in Israel. (Image credit: Arnold et al., 2025, PLOS One, CC-BY-4.0)

The nearly 5,000-year-old remains of a "sacrificial ass" whose head had been severed and feet tied together have been discovered under a Bronze Age house in Israel.  The donkey, as well as three others buried near it, may have been part of a ritual that involved sacrificing young, female work animals from a faraway land — ancient Egypt, researchers reported in a new study.

It's unknown why these donkeys were "killed in the prime of their lives" during Canaan's Early Bronze Age III (circa 2900 to 2550 B.C.), but the researchers think the animals' unexpected Egyptian origin hints that their owners were merchants and traders.

"To sacrifice such a key animal is an exaggerated display of wealth, or position in society," study first author Elizabeth Arnold, an anthropologist and environmental archaeologist at Grand Valley State University in Michigan, told Live Science in an email. "Selecting donkeys only from Egypt likely highlighted this connection with a key trading partner."

Egypt was exceptionally strong at this time, during the Old Kingdom period (circa 2649 to 2150 B.C.), so "highlighting this link would have further transferred prestige," she added.

"Find more donkeys"

Archaeologists have been finding the ancient remains of donkeys for years at ancient Gath (modern Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi), a city of about 59 acres (24 hectares) in central Israel, about 12 miles (20 kilometers) from the Mediterranean coast. Researchers were surprised to find the decapitated donkey in 2010. Its head had been "fully cut off and carefully placed on the abdomen facing in the opposite direction" of its body, the team wrote in the new study, which was published Wednesday (July 9) in the journal PLOS One.

Many of the same researchers tested the isotopes, or versions, of different elements in the donkey's tooth enamel; this chemical analysis can shed light on where an individual grew up based on the local food and water they consumed. The results, published in 2016 in PLOS One, found that the donkey had grown up in the Nile Valley.

Related: No one 'expected to find what we did': 4,000-year-old Canaanite arch in Israel may have been used by cult  

 a series of four images of the excavated remains of donkeys

The remains of the four donkey burials unearthed at ancient Gath (modern Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi) in Israel. (Image credit: Arnold et al., 2025, PLOS One, CC-BY-4.0)

However, this was just one donkey. So Arnold urged excavators to "find more donkeys" in ancient Gath, "and then we did!" she said. The team found three more sacrificed donkeys buried under Bronze Age homes. Isotopic analyses revealed that they, too, were from Egypt.

These newfound donkeys' front and back legs had been trussed, or tied together. And although these donkeys hadn't been decapitated, the "skulls of all four donkeys face eastwards," possibly toward the rising sun, the authors wrote in the new study.

All of the donkeys "of prime age had been sacrificed in this special manner," Arnold said, and all of them were female. Female donkeys were especially valuable "to give in sacrifice as they would have been capable of providing more donkeys," she added.  two archaeologists next to the excavated remains of a donkey

Study authors Elizabeth Arnold (right) and Tina Greenfield (left) uncover and record a burial of one of the sacrificed donkeys. (Image credit: Arnold et al., 2025, PLOS One, CC-BY-4.0)

To compare these four sacrificed donkeys to other ancient animals from Gath, the team did isotopic analyses on the remains of a donkey, sheep and goats that were also found at the site but had not been sacrificed. These animals were found to be local to ancient Gath, with the exception of one goat, the researchers reported. This goat had an Egyptian origin, they found.

"We suggest this animal came along as part of the donkey caravan as 'meals on the hoof' as that journey was made (without refrigeration to keep your meat fresh) but wasn't killed and eaten until at Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi," Arnold said. "This single goat did not have any special burial treatment."

Donkeys and other equids were used in the ancient world for agricultural labor — such as plowing, threshing and pulling heavy loads — as well as for moving goods and valuable trade items. The finding of the four sacrificed donkeys shows that these animals "played a vital role in not only economics and trade, but also in status, and ritual practices in the ancient Near East," Arnold said. 

 

Spin Faster?

Earth is going to spin much faster over the next few months — so fast that several days are going to get shorter

(Image credit: Francesco Carta fotografo/Getty Images)

Earth is expected to spin more quickly in the coming weeks, making some of our days unusually short. On July 9, July 22 and Aug. 5, the position of the moon is expected to affect Earth's rotation so that each day is between 1.3 and 1.51 milliseconds shorter than normal.

A day on Earth is the length of time needed for our planet to fully rotate on its axis — approximately 86,400 seconds, or 24 hours. But Earth's rotation is affected by a number of things, including the positions of the sun and moon, changes to Earth's magnetic field, and the balance of mass on the planet.

Since the relatively early days of our planet, Earth's rotation has been slowing down, making our days longer. Researchers found that about 1 billion to 2 billion years ago, a day on Earth was only 19 hours long. This is likely because the moon was closer to our planet, making its gravitational pull stronger than it is now and causing Earth to spin faster on its axis.

Since then, as the moon has moved away from us, days on average have been getting longer. But in recent years, scientists have reported variations in Earth's rotation. In 2020, scientists found that Earth was spinning more quickly than at any point since records began in the 1970s, and we saw the shortest-ever recorded day on July 5, 2024, which was 1.66 milliseconds shy of 24 hours, according to timeanddate.com.

On July 9, July 22 and Aug. 5, 2025, the moon will be at its furthest distance from Earth's equator, which changes the impact its gravitational pull has on our planet's axis. Think of the Earth as a spinning top — if you were to put your fingers around the middle and spin, it wouldn't rotate as quickly as if you were to hold it from the top and bottom.

With the moon closer to the poles, the Earth's spin speeds up, making our day shorter than usual.

Related: Have days on Earth always been 24 hours?

These variations are to be expected, but recent research suggests that human activity is also contributing to the change in the planet's rotation. Researchers at NASA have calculated that the movement of ice and groundwater, linked to climate change, has increased the length of our days by 1.33 milliseconds per century between 2000 and 2018.

Single events can also affect Earth's spin: the 2011 earthquake that struck Japan shortened the length of the day by 1.8 microseconds. Even the changing seasons affect Earth's spin, Richard Holme, a geophysicist at the University of Liverpool, told Live Science via email.

"There is more land in the northern hemisphere than the south," Holme said. "In northern summer, the trees get leaves, this means that mass is moved from the ground to above the ground — further away from the Earth's spin axis.” The rate of rotation of any moving body is affected by its distribution of mass. When an ice skater spins on the spot, they rotate faster when their arms are tight to their chest, and slow themselves down by stretching their arms out. As Earth’s mass moves away from its core in summer, its rate of rotation must decrease, so the length of the day increases, Holme explained.

Of course, on the days in question our clocks will still count 24 hours. The difference isn't noticeable on the individual level.

The only time we would see a change to time zones is if the difference between the length of day is greater than 0.9 seconds, or 900 milliseconds. Though this has never happened in a single day, over the years our clocks fall out of sync with the position of the planet. This is monitored by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), which will add a "leap second" to UTC as needed to bring us back in line.






  • TONGA, oh yeah, it was HUGE!

     

    On Jan. 15, 2022, a volcano beneath the island of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai exploded with such force it triggered the most intense lightning storm ever recorded and the first documented mega tsunami since antiquity. The eruption was felt worldwide, but the volcano's underwater setting posed a challenge for scientists trying to understand how such a violent blast occurred.

    Civilization Cycle : The Great Log Off!




    oh yeah...

    oh yeah...